4.1 Terms and Definitions

For the purposes of all parts of the CDM standard, the following terms have the definitions specified in this clause. Although the terms below are capitalised, they appear in the text of the CDM standard in lower case, for ease of readability. This does not apply to the terms Block, Cell, Primary Delimiter, Record, Record Delimiter and Secondary Delimiter because these terms are specialised for the purpose of the CDM standard.

Block

A group of Records in a CDM message created in accordance with the CDM standard that communicate data that belongs intrinsically together. All Records in a Block carry the same Block identifier and all Records with the same Record identifier belong to the same Block.

The identifier of a Block shall be unique within a CDM message created in accordance with the CDM standard. All Records of a Block are contiguously provided within a CDM message.

CDM Notification

A message created in accordance with the Notification of Data Discrepancies profile (defined in Part 4 of the CDM standard) or the Notification of Overclaim Discrepancies profile (defined in Part 5 of the CDM standard).

CDM Statement

A message created in accordance with any of the profiles contained in Part 3, CDM Statements for Musical Works Claims, of the CDM standard, namely the Claims Amounts profile, the Claims profile, the Claims Corrections Amounts profile and the Claims Corrections profile.

Cell

An individual data element in a Record. Cells are separated by Primary Delimiters.

Contractually Mandatory

A Cell in a DDEX message that has the technical cardinality of 0-1 or 0-n but, because it has been agreed between the message sender and the message recipient (by contract or law), is mandatory when the message is sent in a specific commercial context.

Delimiter

A character that delineates, in a CDM message created in accordance with the CDM standard, either one Record from another Record (Record Delimiter), one Cell from another Cell (Primary Delimiter) or one data element from another data element within a Cell (Secondary Delimiter).

DSR Message

A message created in accordance with one of the profile messages specified in DDEX’s Digital Sales Reporting Message Suite.

Digital Service Provider (DSP)

A party that provides a music service which makes available to consumers releases over a public telecom network having been duly authorised to do so by owners of copyrights in sound recordings and/or music videos and/or exclusive licensors of copyrights in sound recordings and/or music videos (usually record companies).

Licensee

A party that is granted a licence in respect of rights in one or more creations, by a licensor. For the purposes of this standard, such creations are musical works.

The licensee may be a human being or other legal person or corporate entity. The licensee may or may not be the message sender or message recipient of a CDM message created in accordance with the CDM standard.

Licensor

A party that grants a licence in respect of rights in one or more creations to one or more licensees in accordance with the authority it has been granted to do so by one or more rights controller(s), rights administrator(s), licensing agent(s) or rights holder(s). For the purposes of this standard, such creations are musical works.

The licensor may be a human being or other legal person or corporate entity. The licensor may or may not also be the rights controller, the rights administrator, the licensing agent or the rights holder in the creation(s) that are the subject of the licence granting the rights. The licensor may or may not be the message sender or message recipient of a CDM message created in accordance with the CDM standard.

Message Recipient

A party that receives a message created in accordance with the CDM standard from a message sender.

The message recipient may in the case of CDM Statements also be a licensee. The message recipient may in the case of CDM Notifications also be one or more of a licensor, a rights controller, a rights administrator, a licensing agent or a rights holder.

Message Sender

A party that sends a message created in accordance with the CDM standard to a message recipient.

The message sender may in the case of CDM Statements also be one or more of a licensor, a rights controller, a rights administrator, a licensing agent or a rights holder. The message sender may in the case of CDM Notifications also be a licensee.

Musical Work

A work intended to be perceivable as a combination of sounds, with or without accompanying text. Any words that are intended to be expressed with a musical work (often termed lyrics) form part of that musical work. Not all musical works have lyrics. A musical work may be expressed and fixed to become part of a sound recording or a music video, or may be used to create notated music (sheet music, scores, instrumental parts) or sound generation codes (such as MIDI files). In some cases, the musical work comes into existence simultaneously with its expression. This is common in extemporised forms such as jazz music.

Namespace Delimiter

Delimiter used to separate the namespace of an identifier from the identifier.

Primary Delimiter

Delimiter used to separate Cells.

Profile

A subset of a DDEX standard. Profiles define how to creat a CDM messages in accordance with one or more parts of the CDM standard for use in a specific commercial context.

Record

A collection of Cells that describe a specific data entity. Records are separated by Record Delimiters and are identified by a four-character Record type identifier (e.g. CMDH.01, SRFO, CS01) in the first Cell of each Record. The Record type identifier may carry a version number (e.g. CD01.01).

Record Company

An organisation which is the owner of copyrights in sound recordings and/or music videos and/or the exclusive licensor of copyrights in sound recordings and/or music videos.

Record Delimiter

Delimiter used to separate Records.

Release

A release is an abstract entity representing a bundle of one or more resources usually compiled by a record company. The resources in releases are normally primarily sound recordings or music videos, but this is not invariably the case. The release is not itself the item of trade (or “product”). Products have more extensive attributes than releases. For example, one release may be disseminated in many different products.

Resource

A digital fixation of an expression of an abstract work (such as a sound recording, a music video, an image, software or a passage of text). Resources are individual assets that make up a release. Typical resources are sound recordings, music videos and cover art images.

Revenue

The amount of money generated in accordance with the commercial relationship in respect of sound recordings, music videos, musical works or other resources between the licensee and licensor from the distribution of releases to consumers.

Rights Controller

A party that controls rights in one or more creations in respect of some or all rights for specific territories, time periods, rights types, usage types and commercial model types (which may be anything up to and including all rights for the world, in perpetuity, for all types of usage and for all types of commercial models). Creations include musical works, sound recordings and other resources as well as releases.

A rights controller is in many cases also the licensor.

A rights controller may be a human being or other legal person or corporate entity.

A rights controller may or may not also be the rights administrator, the licensing agent or the rights holder.

A rights controller may or may not be the message sender or message recipient of a CDM message created in accordance with the CDM standard.

Sale

Distribution of a product to end consumers. For the avoidance of doubt, the term “sale” includes all forms of distribution of products, whether revenue was generated, or not and, where revenue is generated, regardless of the business model used to do so.

Sales Context

The combination of one territory, one currency, one use type, one commercial model type, one subscriber type and one service description for which a DSR message is being created and which is referenced in a CDM message created in accordance with the CDM standard.

Secondary Delimiter

Delimiter used to separate data elements within a single Cell.

Usage

The identification of the releases and resources that actually get exploited by licensees exercising a range of business and delivery models for the distribution of releases to consumers, including the amount of use of each release or resource.